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Relationship between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Saliva Composition.

Teresa Louro1, Carla Simões1, Maria João Penetra2

  • 1MED (Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA) IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, University of Évora, 7002-556 Évora, Portugal.

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|April 30, 2021
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Summary

Mediterranean Diet adherence influences saliva protein profiles, particularly S-type cystatins and salivary amylase, with effects varying by Body Mass Index (BMI) and polyphenol intake.

Keywords:
Mediterranean dietdietary polyphenolssalivary amylasesalivary cystatins

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Area of Science:

  • Human nutrition and biochemistry
  • Salivary proteomics
  • Dietary impact on physiological markers

Background:

  • Dietary polyphenols are known to alter saliva protein composition in rodents.
  • Limited human data exists on the relationship between saliva proteins, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, and polyphenol intake.
  • Understanding these links can offer insights into diet-body interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between saliva protein composition and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) in humans.
  • To assess the correlation between polyphenol and flavanol intake and salivary protein levels.
  • To explore how Body Mass Index (BMI) modulates these dietary-saliva relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Dietary habits were assessed and converted into Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS).
  • Total polyphenol and flavanol intake were calculated using the Phenol Explorer database.
  • Whole saliva was collected, and proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE to analyze S-type cystatins and salivary amylase.

Main Results:

  • Salivary S-type cystatins were highly expressed in individuals with medium MD adherence, correlating positively with wine intake in overweight participants.
  • The association between salivary amylase and MD adherence was BMI-dependent, showing a positive link only in normal-weight individuals.
  • Polyphenol intake, especially flavanols, showed a positive association with S-type cystatin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Saliva's response to MD adherence is modulated by BMI, indicating differential effects in normal-weight versus overweight individuals.
  • The study reinforces the connection between saliva protein composition and dietary polyphenol (flavanol) levels.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for the salivary proteome in the acceptance of polyphenol-rich foods.