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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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Energy and Power Signals01:17

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In an electrical system with a resistor, voltage and current signals facilitate the measurement of power and energy across the resistor. For a continuous-time signal, the total energy over a time interval is defined as the integral of the square of the signal's magnitude over that interval. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Conservation of AC Power01:15

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The principle of power preservation is applicable to both ac and dc circuits. This principle, when applied to AC power, asserts that the complex, real, and reactive powers produced by the source are equal to the total complex, real, and reactive powers absorbed by the loads. When two load impedances are connected in parallel to an ac source V, the complex power provided by the source can be calculated using the relation
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks.

Kedir Mamo Besher1, Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito2, Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal3

  • 1Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a spectrum-based power management solution for congested Internet of Things (IoT) networks. It enhances IoT device battery life by at least 30% through efficient channel selection and power utilization.

Keywords:
congested IoTenergy consumptionfreescale launchpadsspectrum management

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) networks face increasing congestion, leading to higher power consumption in devices.
  • Existing IoT devices lack effective spectrum-based power management, risking battery life and data integrity.
  • Data retransmissions and poor channel management in congested networks significantly increase IoT device power usage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate power consumption issues in congested IoT networks, specifically focusing on data retransmissions and channel management.
  • To propose and evaluate a novel spectrum-based power management solution for enhancing IoT device battery life and network performance.
  • To quantify the power savings and improvements in battery life achieved by the proposed solution compared to standard methods.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a spectrum-based power management system utilizing a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) for channel condition scanning and allocation.
  • Configured MAC and Physical layers of IoT devices to optimize power utilization in various network states (idle, connected, paging, synchronization).
  • Modeled and tested the system using freescale launchpads, comparing performance against the basic IoT standard (IEEE802.15.4).

Main Results:

  • IoT devices employing the proposed spectrum-based power management demonstrated a battery life increase of at least 30% compared to non-spectrum-based methods.
  • The system effectively managed channel conditions, utilizing the least congested channels for IoT packet routing.
  • Significant improvements were observed in overall IoT network performance, memory savings, and a reduction in data packet loss.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed spectrum-based power management significantly enhances IoT device battery life and network efficiency in congested environments.
  • The solution offers a practical approach to power management, outperforming the basic IoT standard (IEEE802.15.4).
  • Further research into channel scanning by the FREDEVPLA board presents promising avenues for future IoT network optimization.