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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Adiponectin Deregulation in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

Neža Brezovec1,2, Katja Perdan-Pirkmajer1,3, Saša Čučnik1,2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adiponectin, a key hormone, is deregulated in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its levels vary, impacting disease progression and cardiovascular risks, with therapy influencing outcomes.

Keywords:
PPAR-γadiponectingene regulationinterleukin 6systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseasestherapytumor necrosis factor α

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adiponectin levels are deregulated in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).
  • While inflammatory mediators typically downregulate adiponectin, elevated levels are observed in highly inflammatory SARDs like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Conversely, low adiponectin levels are seen in less inflamed SARDs such as systemic sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on adiponectin levels in SARDs.
  • To explore the paradoxical regulation of adiponectin in different SARDs.
  • To discuss the influence of gene expression regulators and anti-inflammatory therapies on adiponectin levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining adiponectin in SARD patients.
  • Analysis of associations between adiponectin levels, disease activity, and clinical outcomes.
  • Examination of regulatory factors including gene expression and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Circulating adiponectin is linked to radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular risks/lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Low adiponectin levels correlate negatively with disease activity in systemic sclerosis.
  • Tocilizumab treatment increases serum adiponectin, while anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy shows no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Adiponectin deregulation is a hallmark of SARDs, with levels varying based on disease inflammation.
  • Gene expression regulators and therapeutic interventions differentially modulate adiponectin levels in SARDs.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for managing SARDs and associated complications.