Open and Anisotropic Soft Regions in a Model Polymer Glass

The vibrational dynamics of a model polymer glass is studied by Molecular Dynamics simulations. The focus is on the "soft" monomers with high participation to the lower-frequency vibrational modes contributing to the thermodynamic anomalies of glasses. To better evidence their role, the threshold to qualify monomers as soft is made severe, allowing for the use of systems with limited size. A marked tendency of soft monomers to form quasi-local clusters involving up to 15 monomers is evidenced. Each chain contributes to a cluster up to about three monomers and a single cluster involves a monomer belonging to about 2-3 chains. Clusters with monomers belonging to a single chain are rare. The open and tenuous character of the clusters is revealed by their fractal dimension df<2. The inertia tensor of the soft clusters evidences their strong anisotropy in shape and remarkable linear correlation of the two largest eigenvalues. Owing to the limited size of the system, finite-size effects, as well as dependence of the results on the adopted polymer length, cannot be ruled out.