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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Does Protein Supplementation Support Adaptations to Arduous Concurrent Exercise Training? A Systematic Review and

Shaun Chapman1,2, Henry C Chung2, Alex J Rawcliffe1

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Summary

Protein supplementation enhances strength and lean mass gains during intense concurrent training for active individuals. This nutritional strategy may benefit military recruits undergoing demanding physical conditioning programs.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concurrent training, combining endurance and resistance exercise, is common in athletic and military populations.
  • Optimizing adaptations to concurrent training is crucial for performance and health.
  • The role of protein supplementation in modulating these adaptations requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the impact of protein supplementation on adaptations to arduous concurrent training.
  • To assess effects on performance, body composition, and muscle recovery in healthy adults.
  • To identify potential benefits for individuals in physically demanding occupations, such as military personnel.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of peer-reviewed studies in English.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases.
  • Study quality assessed using the "COnsensus based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments" (COSMIN) checklist.

Main Results:

  • Protein supplementation significantly improved overall performance outcomes (ES = 0.89).
  • Greater gains in fat-free mass (SMD = +0.75 kg) and reductions in fat mass (SMD = -0.99) were observed with supplementation.
  • Improvements in muscle strength were noted, but no significant effects on aerobic endurance were found.

Conclusions:

  • Protein supplementation appears to support lean mass accretion and strength gains during demanding concurrent training.
  • Findings suggest potential benefits for physically active populations, including military recruits.
  • Further research is needed to investigate protein turnover, nitrogen balance, and total daily protein intake in these contexts.