Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 7, 2025
13:44
Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
Published on: December 9, 2022
3.9K
Feedback for Learning in Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review.
Nicholas R Nelson1, Rebecca B Carlson2, Amanda H Corbett3
1Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7475, USA.
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
Summary
Feedback is crucial in pharmacy education, but its use and effectiveness are not well understood. This review highlights the need for deeper research into feedback quality and impact to improve pharmacy training.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Medical Pedagogy
- Health Professions Education
Background:
- Feedback is a vital teaching method in clinical training, particularly for pharmacy learners.
- Despite its importance, the utilization and impact of feedback in pharmacy education remain underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review of feedback in pharmacy education.
- To summarize the current use of feedback and identify gaps for future research.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for English articles published since January 2000.
- Sixty-four articles were analyzed, categorizing studies based on the integration of feedback into study design and analysis.
- Data were stratified by program level (Bachelor, Master, Doctor of Pharmacy, post-graduate) and curricular objectives.
Main Results:
- Feedback is implemented across various pharmacy program levels and curricular objectives, including communication and patient care.
- Feedback modalities varied, with written feedback common in didactic courses and both written and verbal feedback used in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) and experiential settings.
- The majority of feedback research (67.2%) focused on Doctor of Pharmacy programs.
Conclusions:
- Feedback is widely used in pharmacy education, but the literature often lacks depth, focusing primarily on student perceptions.
- There is a significant need to assess the effectiveness and quality of feedback for enhancing learning outcomes.
- Further research is essential to inform faculty and preceptor development programs for delivering high-quality feedback to pharmacy learners.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching III: Evaluation and Documentation
2.2K
Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning,...
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning,...
2.2K
01:19Pharmacovigilance
1.3K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.3K
01:28Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview
2.9K
Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
2.9K
01:10Pharmacokinetics: Overview
8.0K
Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV)...
8.0K
01:21Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles
2.5K
Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or...
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or...
2.5K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
220
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
220