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Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution with Discrete Phase Randomization.

Xiaoxu Zhang1,2,3, Yang Wang1,2, Musheng Jiang1,2

  • 1Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phase-matching quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) offers enhanced key rates. This study proves its security against attacks, finding an optimal phase randomization for performance.

Keywords:
discrete phase randomizationintrinsic bit error ratephase-matchingtwin-field quantum key distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Cryptography
  • Quantum Communication

Background:

  • The Pirandola-Laurenza-Ottaviani-Banchi (PLOB) bound limits classical key distribution rates.
  • Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variations aim to surpass this bound.
  • Phase-matching QKD (PM-QKD) uses discrete phase randomization for quadratic key rate improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the security of PM-QKD against unambiguous state discrimination (USD) and photon-number-splitting (PNS) attacks.
  • To rigorously prove the security of decoy state PM-QKD with discrete phase randomization.
  • To determine the optimal discrete phase randomization for security and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of unambiguous state discrimination (USD) measurement.
  • Analysis of photon-number-splitting (PNS) attacks on PM-QKD with imperfect phase randomization.
  • Rigorous security proof for decoy state PM-QKD with discrete phase randomization.

Main Results:

  • An optimal discrete phase randomization value exists for balancing security and performance, considering bit error rate and sifting factor.
  • Increasing discrete phase randomization approaches the performance of infinite decoy states for vacuum and single decoy states.
  • The key rate of discrete phase randomization closely matches continuous phase randomization as the number of discrete steps increases.

Conclusions:

  • Decoy state PM-QKD with discrete phase randomization is rigorously secure.
  • An optimal discrete phase randomization value is crucial for maximizing security and performance.
  • The key rate performance of discrete phase randomization is comparable to continuous phase randomization under optimal conditions.