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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

588
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
588
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

538
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
538
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.1K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.1K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

1.0K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.0K
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

369
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
369
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

451
In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
451

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Microinjectrode System for Combined Drug Infusion and Electrophysiology
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Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems.

Driton Vllasaliu1

  • 1School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.

Pharmaceutics
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive drug delivery offers painless methods for administering medications through the skin or mucosal surfaces. This approach enhances patient comfort and compliance for various therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Non-invasive drug delivery bypasses traditional routes like injections.
  • Focuses on transdermal and transmucosal administration for enhanced patient compliance.

Discussion:

  • Explores innovative strategies for overcoming biological barriers.
  • Highlights the importance of formulation and delivery systems.
  • Addresses challenges in achieving therapeutic drug concentrations.

Key Insights:

  • Drug delivery across skin and mucosal surfaces offers a painless alternative.
  • Advanced materials and technologies are crucial for effective non-invasive drug transport.
  • Patient-centric approaches are vital for successful therapeutic outcomes.

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Outlook:

  • Future research will focus on targeted delivery and improved bioavailability.
  • Development of novel nanomaterials for enhanced drug permeation.
  • Integration of smart delivery systems for personalized medicine.