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Related Experiment Videos

Measuring genetic change in a dairy herd using a control population.

J E Legates1, R M Myers

  • 1Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621.

Journal of Dairy Science
|April 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Artificial insemination significantly increased milk and fat production in dairy cattle over 16 years. Selection efforts showed minimal impact on other traits and control group inbreeding effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Dairy Cattle Breeding
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Artificial insemination (AI) is a key technology in dairy cattle breeding.
  • Evaluating the long-term impact of selection programs is crucial for genetic improvement.
  • Control populations are essential for estimating genetic gain and confounding factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the change in milk and fat production resulting from a selection experiment using AI.
  • To compare the effectiveness of two different statistical methods for estimating genetic gain.
  • To assess the impact of inbreeding and other factors on a control population.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-year selection experiment involving two breeding groups (selected and control) with annual AI.

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  • Production data analyzed using intraseason herdmate comparisons (weighted) and mixed model maximum likelihood estimates (adjusted).
  • Regressions of yield differences on years were calculated to estimate genetic trends, accounting for inbreeding.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant positive regressions for milk yield (110 kg/yr weighted, 108 kg/yr adjusted) and fat yield (3.9 kg/yr weighted, 4.2 kg/yr adjusted).
    • Genetic gain represented 1.6% for milk and 1.5% for fat yield relative to population means.
    • No definitive trends observed for fat percentage, solids-not-fat, days open, type classification, or heart girth.

    Conclusions:

    • Selection using AI effectively increased milk and fat yield in the experimental population.
    • Both statistical methods provided similar estimates of genetic gain.
    • Inbreeding and potential non-random culling had minimal impact on the control population's mean performance over 16 years.