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Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children Surgically Treated for Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld1, Monika Elżbieta Machoy1, Sławomir Wilczyński2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) show increased upper lip muscle activity during swallowing and speech. This finding highlights the impact of surgical repair on craniofacial growth in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Electromyography
  • Speech Pathology

Background:

  • Bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) affects facial muscle function.
  • Surgical repair aims to restore form and function but can alter muscle dynamics.
  • Understanding the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the orbicularis oris muscle is crucial for assessing functional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle in children with and without a history of BCCLP.
  • To evaluate muscle function during rest, swallowing, lip movements, and speech tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 77 children (aged 6.6-12.5 years).
  • Electromyographic (EMG) assessments of the upper lip using a DAB-Bluetooth device.
  • EMG measurements taken at rest, during saliva swallowing, lip protrusion, lip compression, and phoneme (/p/, /b/, /m/ with /a/) production.
  • Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity was observed in children with BCCLP compared to controls during saliva swallowing, lip compression, and /p/ phoneme production.
  • Increased upper lip muscle activity in BCCLP patients during specific functional tasks was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Children with BCCLP exhibit altered superior orbicularis oris muscle activity post-surgery, particularly during functional tasks.
  • These findings suggest potential implications of surgical lip repair on craniofacial growth and muscle function in children with clefts.

Keywords:
bilateral cleftcleft lip and palatedentofacial deformitiesfacial growthmultidisciplinary cleft treatmentsuperior orbicularis oris musclesurface electromyographysurgical lip repair

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