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Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Treatment of Inflammation-Related Preterm Brain Injury

Jaya D Prasad1, Katherine C Gunn1, Joanne O Davidson1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Preventing preterm brain injury may be possible by inhibiting peripheral immune responses. This review explores anti-inflammatory agents as a potential neuroprotective strategy for inflammation-related brain injury in preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental neuroscience

Background:

  • Preterm brain injury is common, with no current neuroprotective treatments for inflammation-related damage.
  • Perinatal infection and inflammation cause neuroinflammation, cytokine release, and gliosis, impacting brain development and cell survival.
  • This neuroinflammation is linked to both immediate and long-term neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neonatal immunity, neuroinflammation, and mechanisms of brain injury in preterm infants.
  • To explore the potential of anti-inflammatory agents as neurotherapeutics for preterm brain injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neonatal immunity and neuroinflammation.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking inflammation to preterm brain injury.
  • Evaluation of anti-inflammatory therapies for neuroprotection.

Main Results:

  • Infection and inflammation trigger significant neuroinflammatory responses in neonates.
  • These inflammatory pathways are critical in the development of preterm brain injury.
  • Inhibiting peripheral immune responses is a plausible therapeutic hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting peripheral inflammation offers a potential strategy to reduce preterm brain injury.
  • Anti-inflammatory agents warrant further investigation for neuroprotective efficacy in preterm infants.
  • Understanding neonatal immune responses is key to developing effective treatments.

Keywords:
infectioninflammationneuroprotectionwhite matter injury

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