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HDV Pathogenesis: Unravelling Ariadne's Thread.

Eirini D Tseligka1, Sophie Clément2, Francesco Negro2,3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

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|April 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is a unique satellite virus of Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This review explores how HDV infection, depending on HBV co-infection, leads to varied outcomes from acute hepatitis to chronic liver disease and cancer.

Keywords:
HDVHDV pathogenesisacute HDV infectionchronic HDV infectionco-infectionhepatitis B virus HBVhepatitis Delta virussuper-infection

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) presents unique characteristics, challenging standard viral taxonomy.
  • HDV functions as a satellite virus, relying on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication and spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex pathogenesis of acute and chronic HDV infections.
  • To detail the molecular players and mechanisms influencing clinical outcomes in HDV infection.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on HDV molecular biology and pathogenesis.
  • It examines the impact of different HBV and HDV infection modes on disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous HBV and HDV infection typically results in acute hepatitis with spontaneous resolution.
  • HDV super-infection in chronic HBV carriers often leads to chronic HDV infection, potentially progressing to cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Conclusions:

  • The clinical outcome of HDV infection is highly dependent on the interplay between HDV and HBV.
  • Understanding these intricate mechanisms is crucial for managing HDV-related liver disease and preventing severe complications like HCC.