Vascular Aspects in Glaucoma: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Approaches

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Vascular Biology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Glaucoma has historically been linked primarily to elevated intraocular pressure.
• The role of vascular factors in glaucoma pathogenesis has been recognized since the 19th century.
• Recent advancements have significantly expanded our understanding of ocular vasculature and its implications in glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current vascular concepts in glaucoma.
• To explore novel insights into glaucoma pathogenesis related to vascular dysfunction.
• To highlight promising therapeutic approaches targeting ocular circulation.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on ocular vasculature and glaucoma.
• Analysis of physiological and pathophysiological data concerning choroidal, retinal, ciliary, and episcleral circulation.
• Evaluation of recent clinical trials and drug approvals related to vascular glaucoma treatments.

Main Results:

• Established new vascular risk factors for glaucoma.
• Identified protective measures targeting blood vessels.
• Advanced understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of ocular circulation.
• Recent approval of novel drugs based on vascular knowledge.

Conclusions:

• Vascular mechanisms play a significant role in glaucoma beyond intraocular pressure.
• Targeting ocular blood flow presents promising therapeutic avenues for glaucoma management.
• Continued research into vascular aspects of glaucoma is essential for developing future treatments.