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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

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Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis: A Five-Year Trend.

Serenella Medici1, Massimiliano Peana1, Alessio Pelucelli1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research focuses on developing new rhodium catalysts for efficient and selective reactions. This review highlights advances in Rh(I) complex synthesis and applications in catalysis, emphasizing sustainable chemistry.

Keywords:
Rh(I) complexescatalysisrhodium

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis Science

Background:

  • Rhodium is a critical metal extensively used in laboratory and industrial catalytic processes.
  • While classical ligands like phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes are well-established, research continues on novel rhodium catalysts.
  • Sustainable chemistry principles drive innovation in catalyst design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the latest findings and trends in the synthesis and applications of Rh(I) complexes in catalysis.
  • To review literature published between 2015 and 2020.
  • To highlight ongoing challenges and opportunities in rhodium-catalyzed reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on publications from 2015-2020.
  • Analysis of recent trends in the synthesis of preformed rhodium catalysts.
  • Examination of the efficiency and selectivity of novel rhodium complexes in catalytic applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant efforts are dedicated to synthesizing new, efficient, and selective preformed rhodium catalysts.
  • Rh(I) complexes continue to be a focal point for innovation in catalysis.
  • The field shows active research, indicating room for improvement, particularly in sustainable chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • Rhodium-catalyzed processes remain a dynamic and challenging area for organometallic chemists.
  • The development of novel Rh(I) catalysts is crucial for advancing efficient and sustainable catalytic methods.
  • Despite decades of research, significant opportunities exist for further advancements in rhodium catalysis.