Smart Protocols for Physical Therapy of Foot Drop Based on Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Case Study

Area of Science:

• Neurorehabilitation
• Biomedical Engineering
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Functional electrical stimulation (FES) typically aids foot drop treatment during later rehabilitation stages.
• Conventional early-phase therapies like stretching or cyclic FES offer limited patient engagement.
• Active psycho-physical engagement is crucial for maximizing rehabilitation potential.

Observation:

• Novel 'smart' FES protocols were developed, enabling self-controlled ankle movements while seated.
• Protocols involved mirroring non-paretic ankle movements or voluntary paretic ankle control for FES triggering.
• A single acute-phase stroke survivor participated in the study.

Findings:

• The participant demonstrated increased voluntary ankle range of motion, reaching normal gait values after 15 sessions.
• Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in FES-induced movements across the various smart protocols.
• The study highlights the potential of active FES engagement in early stroke recovery.

Implications:

• Smart FES protocols may offer a more engaging and effective approach for early stroke rehabilitation.
• This patient-centered method could lead to accelerated recovery of ankle function.
• Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings.