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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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An Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS-Based Stretchable Conductor for Wearable Health Monitoring Device Applications.

Li-Wei Lo^1,2, Junyi Zhao¹, Haochuan Wan¹

¹Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 30, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed a new stretchable conducting polymer ink using PEDOT:PSS and ethylene glycol. This inkjet-printable material offers low resistance and high elasticity for wearable sensors and electronics.

Keywords:

conductive polymer health monitoring devices printed electronics stretchable electronics wearable sensors

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Soft Electronics

Background:

Stretchable conductors are crucial for integrating electronics onto flexible substrates, enabling wearable devices for health monitoring.
Existing materials often face challenges in balancing conductivity, stretchability, and processability for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel stretchable conducting polymer blend for soft electronics.
To optimize ink formulation for inkjet printing and enhance electrical and mechanical properties.
To demonstrate the application of the developed material in wearable bioelectronic sensors.

Main Methods:

Systematic study of polar solvent additives (e.g., ethylene glycol) to induce phase separation in PEDOT:PSS.
Formulation of PEDOT:PSS/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends for elasticity.
Inkjet printing of polymer blends onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates.
Characterization of electrical properties (sheet resistance) and mechanical performance (tensile strain).

Main Results:

Optimal ink formulation with 5 wt% ethylene glycol achieved a sheet resistance as low as 58 Ω/□.
PEDOT:PSS/PEO blends exhibited a sheet resistance of 84 Ω/□ and sustained up to 50% tensile strain.
Successfully demonstrated stretchable interconnects and dry electrodes for photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording.

Conclusions:

The developed inkjet-printable stretchable conducting polymer blend offers a promising solution for low-cost wearable sensor patches.
The material's combination of conductivity and elasticity facilitates seamless integration into smart health applications.
This work highlights the potential of printed conducting polymers for advanced bioelectronic interfaces.