Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

686
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
686
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

646
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
646
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

894
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
894
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

572
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
572
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

1.2K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
1.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

401
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
401

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility and optimization of a novel, cranially-mounted deep brain stimulation device for children with epilepsy - the CADET Pilot study.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Investigating the Dynamic Relationship Between Anxiety and Spatial Memory Using Autonomous Ecological Momentary Assessment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Large Language Models Reveal the Neural Tracking of Linguistic Context in Attended and Unattended Multi-Talker Speech.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dithering suppresses half-harmonic neural synchronisation to photic stimulation in humans.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Cycle-by-cycle respiration waveforms are coupled with the shape of neural oscillations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pre-Beta Burst Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease: Distinguishing Signal from Artifact.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Hearing in Our Sleep-Can We Drown Out Epileptic Spikes and Boost Cognition?

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Sleep Smarter: Optimal Sleep May Preserve Cognition and Reduce Dementia Risk in Focal Epilepsy.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Microglia-Mediated Disinhibition: Taking the Brakes off Epileptic Networks.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Brainstem Disinhibition Destabilizes Breathing in Dravet Syndrome, Leading to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Agree to Disagree: Reliability of Seizure Frequency Assessments.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same journal

Between Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: The Hidden Architecture of Late-Onset Unexplained Epilepsy.

Epilepsy currents·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.3K

Stimulating Solutions for Intractable Epilepsy.

Timothy Denison1, Mohamad Koubeissi2, Esther Krook-Magnuson3

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering and MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, 6396University of Oxford, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Epilepsy Currents
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced implantable devices offer reversible seizure control, moving beyond traditional brain surgery. Research focuses on new targets and adaptive engineering for improved efficacy in treating intractable epilepsy.

Keywords:
electrical stimulationepileptic networksintractable epilepsynext-generation devicestherapeutic devices

More Related Videos

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.1K
Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation
09:39

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Published on: June 7, 2016

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.3K
Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.1K
Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation
09:39

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Published on: June 7, 2016

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Medically intractable seizures pose significant challenges.
  • Traditional surgical epilepsy treatments involve resection or ablation, which can be destructive.
  • There is a need for less invasive and potentially restorative seizure control methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss advancements in implantable devices for non-destructive seizure control.
  • To explore novel targets and engineering strategies for enhanced device efficacy.
  • To review adaptive techniques based on continuous system analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research lines in implantable seizure control devices.
  • Identification of novel subcortical, white matter, and cell-type specific targets.
  • Discussion of engineering advances in adaptive techniques and dynamic system analysis.

Main Results:

  • Implantable devices represent a rapidly advancing, non-destructive option for seizure control.
  • Novel targets and adaptive engineering strategies show promise for improving device efficacy.
  • Continuous dynamic system analysis supports the development of adaptive control techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Implantable devices offer a promising, reversible alternative to traditional epilepsy surgery.
  • Future research directions include refining targets and developing adaptive control systems.
  • These advancements aim to provide more effective and potentially restorative seizure management.