Formal Patient Complaints and Malpractice Events Against Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons

Formal patient complaints are associated with increased malpractice litigation and can have adverse occupational consequences for surgeons. Our purpose was to define and categorize patient complaints within an academic pediatric orthopaedic surgery practice over a 10-year period. We further aimed to define risk factors associated with patient complaints.

We reviewed all complaints within our institution's patient advocacy service filed on behalf of a patient against 4 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons over a 10-year period. Complaints were categorized using the Patient Complaint Analysis System. A control group of all patients seen by the surgeons during the study period was created. We compared baseline demographics between the patients with a complaint and the control group and compared complaint rates between the surgeons. Any malpractice events (lawsuits and claims) associated with the surgeons were obtained. We queried our institutional MIDAS reporting system (which allows for anonymous reporting of potential patient-safety or "near-miss" events), to assess whether patients with a complaint had a reported event.

The 4 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons saw a total of 25,747 unique patients during the study period. Forty-one patients had a formal complaint, resulting in a complaint rate of 0.15%. Complaint rates varied from 0.08% to 0.30% between surgeons. Humanness was the most frequent complaint designation category (32%) followed by Care and Treatment (19%). Of the 41 patients with a complaint, 18 (44%) underwent surgical treatment. Only 1 patient with a complaint also had an entry within our institutional patient-safety reporting system.

The rate of patient complaints within an academic pediatric orthopaedic surgery practice over a decade was 0.15%, or ~1 complaint for every 670 new patients seen. The majority of patient complaints involved communication; a potentially modifiable area that can be targeted for improvement. While complaint rates among surgeons can vary, patient demographic factors are not associated with increased complaints. Understanding patient complaints rates and types may allow surgeons to target areas for improvement and decrease exposure to malpractice litigation.

Level II-prognostic.