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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

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Published on: January 30, 2020

Proton range verification with MACACO II Compton camera enhanced by a neural network for event selection.

Enrique Muñoz¹, Ana Ros², Marina Borja-Lloret²

¹Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC/Universitat de València, València, Spain. Enrique.Munoz@ific.uv.es.

Scientific Reports

|April 30, 2021

Summary

This study introduces the MACACO Compton camera for real-time monitoring in hadron therapy. It successfully images prompt gamma emissions, enabling precise tracking of proton beam range and tumor targeting.

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Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Nuclear Instrumentation
Radiation Oncology

Background:

Hadron therapy's clinical use is limited by the absence of reliable online monitoring during treatment.
Secondary radiation detection is a key area of research for developing such monitoring systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate the MACACO Compton camera for real-time monitoring of hadron therapy.
To assess the system's capability in imaging prompt gamma emissions for treatment verification.

Main Methods:

Utilized a multi-layer Compton camera (MACACO) with LaBr3 scintillator crystals and SiPMs.
Employed a neural network trained on Monte Carlo simulations for event selection and signal-to-background enhancement.
Reconstructed prompt gamma emission distributions using spectral reconstruction, resolving the 4.439 MeV spectral line.

Main Results:

Successfully reconstructed images of prompt gamma distributions from a 150 MeV proton beam.
Resolved the 4.439 MeV spectral line, enabling energy-specific imaging.
Calculated the distal fall-off of the proton beam and identified target displacements as small as 3 mm.

Conclusions:

The MACACO Compton camera demonstrates potential for real-time monitoring in hadron therapy.
The system's ability to image prompt gamma emissions aids in verifying proton beam range and detecting positional errors.