Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

11.7K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
11.7K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

8.3K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
8.3K
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

4.3K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
4.3K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

4.2K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
4.2K
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

3.1K
The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
3.1K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

8.2K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A phospholipid-like charge-reversible lipid for PEG-free, stable, and low-inflammatory mRNA lipid nanoparticles.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same author

Biodegradable peptide-based nanoparticles for the in vivo sequestration and neutralization of toxic peptides.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Influence of Size, Flexibility, Hydrophobicity, Surface Charge, and Surface Chemistry on the Biodistribution of Orally Administered Polymer Nanoparticles.

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin·2025
Same author

In vivo delivery of antioxidant enzymes with multi-functionalized lipid nanoparticles for sepsis therapy.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2025
Same author

Prediction and control of the particle size of polyethylene glycol-free lipid nanoparticles using a design of experiment.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025
Same author

Process Optimization of Charge-Reversible Lipid Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Protein Delivery Using the Design-of-Experiment Approach.

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes
10:33

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Published on: July 23, 2016

10.8K

siRNA Vehicles for High Endosomal Escapability.

Hiroyuki Koide1, Sei Yonezawa1, Tomohiro Asai2

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective siRNA delivery vectors is crucial for treating diseases. This study outlines a method to evaluate endosomal escape, highlighting the importance of pH-responsive vectors for successful siRNA delivery and gene silencing.

Keywords:
Confocal imageEndosomeLipid nanoparticleSmall interfering RNApH-responsive vehicle

More Related Videos

Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"
09:23

Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"

Published on: March 31, 2021

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
05:36

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes
10:33

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Published on: July 23, 2016

10.8K
Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"
09:23

Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"

Published on: March 31, 2021

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
05:36

Author Spotlight: Development of a Large-Scale, Reproducible Production Method for Exosome Mimetics Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: January 26, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers therapeutic potential for intractable diseases.
  • Effective delivery vectors are essential for clinical siRNA applications.
  • siRNA requires cytoplasmic access, necessitating endosomal escape for efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a procedure for evaluating the endosomal escapability of siRNA delivery vectors.
  • To identify key characteristics of vectors that promote efficient endosomal escape.

Main Methods:

  • Step-by-step protocol for assessing endosomal escape of delivery vectors.
  • Evaluation of vector properties related to pH sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • High endosomal escapability is critical for potent gene knockdown.
  • Vectors exhibiting pH-responsive characteristics around pH 6.2-6.5 demonstrate superior endosomal escape.

Conclusions:

  • A robust method for evaluating endosomal escape of siRNA vectors has been established.
  • pH-responsive vectors are key to achieving high siRNA delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes.