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Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

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Musical Auditory Alpha Wave Neurofeedback: Validation and Cognitive Perspectives.

Kazuhiko Takabatake¹, Naoto Kunii¹, Hirofumi Nakatomi²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

|April 30, 2021

Summary

Music-based auditory neurofeedback successfully increased alpha wave power in healthy subjects. This method shows promise for improving cognitive functions, especially in individuals who struggle with traditional neurofeedback concentration.

Keywords:

Alpha wave Neurofeedback Short-term memory Wearable EEG Working memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Biofeedback

Background:

Neurofeedback enhances cognitive functions but can be challenging for children and the elderly due to concentration difficulties.
Auditory neurofeedback using music offers a potential solution for sustained, stress-free training.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if music-based auditory neurofeedback increases alpha wave power in healthy individuals.
To assess neurofeedback-induced changes in cognitive functions, particularly short-term memory.

Main Methods:

A single-blind, randomized control crossover trial involving 10 healthy subjects.
Subjects underwent normal feedback (NF) and random feedback (RF) using classical music with superimposed white noise, inversely correlated with alpha wave power.
Cognitive functions were assessed before, during, and after each 4-week feedback period.

Main Results:

Normalized alpha-power was significantly higher during NF compared to RF, indicating successful alpha wave induction.
Improvements in short-term memory were observed in subjects whose alpha-power increased with NF.
The music-based auditory neurofeedback system demonstrated effectiveness in a pilot study.

Conclusions:

Music-based auditory neurofeedback is effective in facilitating alpha wave induction.
This method shows potential for improving cognitive functions, including short-term memory.
Encouraging results suggest applicability for individuals with concentration challenges in conventional neurofeedback.