Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
Published on: April 15, 2015
Forty Four Years With Baruch Kanner and The Chloride Ion
1Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA. gary.rudnick@yale.edu.
Abstract:
Baruch Kanner and this author have had parallel careers investigating neurotransmitter transporters. At multiple times during their careers, they have found themselves collaborating or competing, but always learning from each other. This commentary elaborates on the interactions between the Kanner and Rudnick laboratories, with a focus on transporters in the Neurotransmitter: Sodium Symporter (NSS) family of amino acid and amine transporters. A key focus of these interactions is the mechanism by which chloride ions activate and drive transport.
Related Concept Videos
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Precipitation of Ions
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene
Ionic Association
Kohlraush’s Law and its Applications

