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Sexual Function and Dysfunction in Individuals with Spina Bifida: A Systematic Review.

Taylor L Hughes1, Kirsten L Simmons1, Rohit Tejwani2

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Individuals with spina bifida (SB) experience significant sexual dysfunction, including erectile issues and impaired orgasms. New SB-specific tools are needed to improve care for sexual health in spina bifida patients.

Keywords:
Erectile dysfunctionNeurogenic bladderSexual dysfunctionSpina bifida

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Spina bifida (SB) is a complex congenital condition impacting neurological and physical function.
  • Sexual health is a critical component of quality of life, yet often overlooked in SB patient care.
  • Self-reported sexual function data in SB populations is fragmented and requires systematic synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize self-reported sexual function and dysfunction experiences in individuals with spina bifida (SB).
  • To identify common themes and variations in sexual health outcomes across SB patients.
  • To highlight the need for improved assessment tools for sexual dysfunction in SB.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases.
  • Inclusion of studies reporting self-assessed sexual function data from SB patients.
  • Independent data extraction and eligibility assessment by two authors, with consensus for disagreements.

Main Results:

  • 23 studies involving 1441 SB patients (816 males, 625 females) were analyzed.
  • Significant rates of erectile dysfunction (12%-88%) and ejaculatory dysfunction were reported in males.
  • Impaired orgasm (28%-63% in females) and reduced genital sensitivity were noted in both sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Males with spina bifida frequently experience erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction.
  • Both males and females with SB report challenges with orgasm and genital sensitivity.
  • Development of SB-specific instruments is crucial for enhancing multidisciplinary sexual health care.