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Replacing Synperonic® N in the Physical Developer fingermark visualisation process: Reformulation.

Amelia Thomas-Wilson1, Zi Ying Guo2, Robert Luck3

  • 1University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.

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|April 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored replacing Synperonic® N in fingermark visualisation with alternative detergents. Decaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (DGME) proved effective, offering similar processing times to the original formulation.

Keywords:
Decaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (DGME)FingermarkPhysical Developer (PD)Synperonic NTween 20

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • The UK's recommended Physical Developer solution uses n-dodecylamine acetate (nDDAA) and Synperonic® N.
  • Synperonic® N faces regulatory phase-out due to environmental concerns regarding its degradation products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate alternative surfactants to replace Synperonic® N in fingermark visualisation.
  • To ensure new formulations produce clear, stable solutions effective for developing latent fingermarks.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated critical properties of detergents: critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.
  • Performed planted fingermark comparisons on promising alternative formulations.
  • Evaluated solution clarity, stability, and processing times.

Main Results:

  • Decaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (DGME) emerged as a suitable replacement for Synperonic® N.
  • Depletion series experiments indicated effectiveness across a range of DGME and nDDAA concentrations.
  • DGME-based formulations demonstrated processing times comparable to the original Synperonic® N solution.

Conclusions:

  • A reformulated Physical Developer solution using DGME as a replacement for Synperonic® N is proposed.
  • The study provides optimal reagent ratios for the new formulation, ensuring effective fingermark development.
  • This research addresses regulatory challenges while maintaining the efficacy of fingermark visualisation techniques.