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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Active matter systems consist of self-driven units converting energy to motion.
  • Collective behaviors arise from interactions, often leading to large density fluctuations.
  • Previous research predominantly focused on enhanced fluctuations in active matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the suppression of density fluctuations in active matter.
  • To explore the formation of disordered hyperuniform states in biological active matter.
  • To understand the role of hydrodynamic interactions in active matter organization.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments using marine algae ([Formula: see text]) swimming at air-liquid interfaces.
  • Observation of cell swimming generating fluid flow and effective long-range repulsions.
  • Development of a numerical model incorporating hydrodynamic interactions and random cell motion.

Main Results:

  • Density fluctuations were significantly suppressed in the marine algae system.
  • Disordered hyperuniform states were observed across various densities.
  • A numerical model accurately reproduced hyperuniformity and scaling exponents.

Conclusions:

  • Active matter can exhibit suppressed density fluctuations, contrary to common observations.
  • Hydrodynamic interactions are key to forming disordered hyperuniform states in active matter.
  • Hydrodynamic flows offer potential for self-assembly applications in active matter systems.