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Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Chronic Inflammation

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Relationship between alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and obstructive sleep apnea.

Lindsay Megenhardt¹, Sarah Ransdell², Jodi Clark-LoCascio²

¹Department of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. Lindsay.Megenhardt@asu.edu.

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Summary

Individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) may face a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite lower diagnosed OSA rates, AATD patients show increased symptom scores, suggesting a potential link requiring further investigation.

Keywords:

AATD Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency OSA Obstructive sleep apnea STOP-BAG

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Genetics
Sleep Medicine

Background:

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that can lead to lung and liver disease.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether individuals with mild to severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) have an elevated risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to the general population.

Main Methods:

Utilized the STOP-BAG questionnaire on 2338 participants from the Alpha-1 Coded Testing Study (ACT) and 4638 from the Kentucky Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (KyBRFS).
Employed propensity score matching based on age and BMI to create a balanced cohort for comparison.
Analyzed OSA risk using chi-square analysis on the matched cohort.

Main Results:

While diagnosed OSA prevalence was lower in the AATD cohort (11.2%) than the general population (14.5%), a significantly higher percentage of AATD individuals met high-risk thresholds on the STOP-BAG questionnaire (22.7% vs. 13.0%).
These findings remained significant after propensity score matching.
No significant differences in OSA risk were observed among different AATD genotypes.

Conclusions:

AATD may be associated with an increased risk for OSA, despite lower reported diagnoses.
The discrepancy between OSA symptoms and diagnoses in AATD patients warrants further research.
Exploration of elastin loss as a potential factor in OSA pathogenesis is suggested.