Hydroxymethylfurfural as an Intermediate of Cellulose Carbonization

Area of Science:

• Chemical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Biomass Conversion

Background:

• Aromatic solvents inhibit secondary degradation of cellulose pyrolysis products.
• Previous work showed 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is produced instead of solid carbon during cellulose pyrolysis in aromatic solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To confirm 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as an intermediate in cellulose carbonization.
• To investigate the thermal reactivity of 5-HMF and its role in carbonization.

Main Methods:

• Pyrolysis of pure 5-HMF at 280°C.
• Co-pyrolysis of 5-HMF with glycerol (a cellulose pyrolysis product model).
• Analysis of solid products for functional groups and structural characteristics.

Main Results:

• Pure 5-HMF polymerized via OH group elimination but conversion slowed.
• Co-pyrolysis with glycerol initiated coupling reactions and cellulose carbonization characteristics.
• Formation of acidic groups and benzene-type structures confirmed 5-HMF's role.

Conclusions:

• 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a crucial intermediate in cellulose carbonization.
• The molecular mechanism of cellulose carbonization involves 5-HMF reactions, influenced by coexisting products and solvent properties.
• Understanding these pathways is key for controlling biomass conversion and material properties.