Microplastics remediation in aqueous systems: Strategies and technologies

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic environments poses significant risks to water security and ecosystems globally.
• A critical need exists for comprehensive reviews on strategic control and effective remediation of MPs in water.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the origins, types, and analytical methodologies for microplastics.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of emerging microplastic removal and transformation technologies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of microplastic origins, detection, and remediation strategies.
• Detailed examination of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) like photocatalysis, photoreforming, and Fenton-like reactions for MP degradation.
• Analysis of physical and catalytic thermal treatments for transforming MPs into valuable products.

Main Results:

• Established methodologies for microplastic extraction, identification, and quantification are presented.
• Emerging technologies for microplastic removal, including biodegradation, AOPs, and thermal treatments, are reviewed.
• Advanced oxidation processes and thermal treatments show potential for microplastic degradation and conversion into valuable materials like nanocarbons and hydrocarbons.

Conclusions:

• Innovative AOPs and thermal transformation technologies offer promising avenues for microplastic remediation.
• These technologies can degrade microplastics or convert them into value-added products, addressing pollution and resource recovery.
• The review provides a roadmap for future research in advanced microplastic control and remediation strategies.