Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.2K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.2K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

54.9K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
54.9K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

589
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
589
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

2.7K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
2.7K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

48.3K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
48.3K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

9.6K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
9.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Music Ensemble: a large dataset on musicianship, cognition, and personality in musicians and nonmusicians.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Tonal Surprisal and Contextual Shifts Evoke Distinct Pupil Dilation During Dynamic Sound Sequences.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Can you beat the music? Validation of a gamified rhythmic training in children with ADHD.

Behavior research methods·2025
Same author

Dataset for Evaluating the Production of Phonotactically Legal and Illegal Pseudowords.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Predicting Intraoperative Burst Suppression Using Preoperative EEG and Patient Characteristics.

International journal of neural systems·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

11.3K

Auditory thalamus dysfunction and pathophysiology in tinnitus: a predictive network hypothesis.

Pia Brinkmann1, Sonja A Kotz2,3, Jasper V Smit4

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht, The Netherlands. p.brinkmann@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Brain Structure & Function
|May 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tinnitus, often perceived as ringing in the ears, may stem from altered thalamic function and disrupted thalamo-cortical networks. New research suggests these changes impact auditory processing and could reveal novel tinnitus treatment targets.

Keywords:
MGBMedial geniculate nucleusPredictionTemporal processingTinnitus

More Related Videos

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.5K
Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

11.3K
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.5K
Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source, often linked to hearing loss and altered auditory processing.
  • The thalamus plays a critical role in relaying and processing auditory information to the cerebral cortex.
  • Understanding thalamic involvement is key to unraveling tinnitus mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal and human evidence on thalamic function in tinnitus.
  • To define the role of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of tinnitus.
  • To explore potential therapeutic avenues targeting thalamo-cortical pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal models of tinnitus.
  • Analysis of human neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies.
  • Synthesis of evidence on thalamic connectivity and activity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Animal models show increased spontaneous firing and altered medial geniculate body (MGB) - auditory cortex coherence.
  • Human studies suggest reduced MGB connectivity with primary/secondary auditory cortices.
  • Increased MGB connectivity observed with cingulate cortex, cerebellum, and variable frontal areas.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus involves widespread thalamo-cortical network dysfunction, affecting sensory gating.
  • Altered connectivity patterns in the thalamus contribute to tinnitus.
  • Modulating temporal processing in thalamo-cortical pathways may offer new tinnitus treatments.