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Differentiation between thyroid-associated orbitopathy and Graves' disease by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic

Jianshu Kang^1,2,3,4,5, Yunqin Li^1,2,3,4,5, Zhijian Zhao^1,2,3,4,5

¹Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.

|May 2, 2021

Summary

This study used proteomics to find key protein differences between Graves' ophthalmopathy (TAO) and Graves' disease (GD). Researchers identified specific proteins, like MYH11, P4HB, and C4A, that may play a role in TAO

Keywords:

Graves’ disease MYH11 iTRAQ technique inflammatory response proteomics thyroid-associated obitopathy

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Proteomics
Immunology

Background:

Graves' ophthalmopathy (TAO) is the most common adult inflammatory eye disease.
Graves' disease (GD) is the primary cause of TAO.
Limited proteomic research exists on the differences between TAO and GD.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify differentially expressed proteins between TAO and GD.
Explore the pathogenesis of TAO.
Elucidate TAO differentiation markers.

Main Methods:

Serum samples from TAO patients, GD patients, and healthy controls were analyzed.
iTRAQ technique coupled with mass spectrometry was employed for protein quantification.
Proteomics identified 3172 quantified proteins and 110 differentially expressed proteins.

Main Results:

110 differentially expressed proteins were identified between TAO and GD (27 upregulated, 83 downregulated).
These proteins are linked to cellular processes, metabolism, signal transduction, and the immune system.
MYH11, P4HB, and C4A were significantly upregulated in TAO and associated with apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation.

Conclusions:

Proteomics provides valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of TAO.
Identified proteins like MYH11, P4HB, and C4A may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for TAO.
This research offers new perspectives for understanding and treating Graves' disease with associated ophthalmopathy.