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How Perceptions of Caller Honesty Vary During Vishing Attacks That Include Highly Sensitive or Seemingly Innocuous

Miriam E Armstrong1, Keith S Jones1, Akbar Siami Namin1

  • 16177 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.

Human Factors
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People initially trust callers in vishing (phishing phone calls) but suspicion grows with sensitive requests. Honesty perceptions can recover, especially after highly sensitive requests, showing truth-default theory applies.

Keywords:
deception detectionsocial engineeringtelephone fraudtruth-default theoryvishing

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cybersecurity
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Limited understanding of user behavior during vishing attacks.
  • Truth-default theory suggests people assume honesty until suspicion is triggered.
  • This study investigates truth-default theory in the context of vishing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how vishing call characteristics influence perceived caller honesty.
  • To test the applicability of truth-default theory in vishing scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (n=24) evaluated written vishing call scenarios.
  • Scenarios varied in request sensitivity (highly sensitive vs. innocuous).
  • Caller honesty was rated at multiple conversational points.

Main Results:

  • Initial perception of callers as honest was observed.
  • Honesty ratings declined prior to requests.
  • Highly sensitive requests significantly decreased honesty ratings.
  • Innocuous requests did not significantly impact honesty ratings.
  • Honesty perceptions showed partial recovery post-highly sensitive requests.

Conclusions:

  • Vishing participants start in a truth-default state.
  • Specific conversational elements act as suspicion triggers.
  • Certain vishing aspects do not trigger suspicion.
  • Perceived honesty can improve in specific contexts.
  • Truth-default theory provides a framework for understanding vishing recipient behavior.