Gold nanoparticles-based assays for biodetection in urine

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Urine is an accessible biofluid for non-invasive disease diagnosis, gaining recent attention.
• Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are valuable in biosensor development due to their optical and electrical properties, sensitivity, and selectivity.
• Au NPs facilitate biomolecule conjugation, crucial for diagnostic assays.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art advancements in urinary analyte quantification using Au NP-based assays.
• To focus specifically on protein analysis in urine samples.
• To highlight diagnostic methods, Au NP synthesis, and surface modification strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on Au NP-based biosensors for urine analysis.
• Analysis of various diagnostic methodologies employed.
• Examination of different Au NP synthesis techniques and surface functionalization strategies for target selectivity.

Main Results:

• Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) show significant potential for sensitive and selective detection of urinary biomarkers.
• Various Au NP synthesis methods and surface modification strategies enhance assay performance for protein analysis.
• The review covers diverse diagnostic approaches utilizing Au NPs in urine samples.

Conclusions:

• Au NP-based assays represent a rapidly advancing field for non-invasive urinary disease diagnosis.
• Further research into synthesis and surface modification can optimize selectivity and sensitivity for clinical applications.
• Urine analysis with Au NPs holds great promise for early disease detection, especially for protein-related conditions.