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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
54.2K
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

58.3K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.3K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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CRISPR-Cas systems: Challenges and future prospects.

Nisarg Gohil1, Gargi Bhattacharjee1, Navya Lavina Lam2

  • 1Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) systems offer precise genome editing, revolutionizing synthetic biology and therapeutics. However, challenges like off-target effects and delivery methods require further research for full implementation.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas9ChallengesDeliveryGene editingOff-target

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized genome editing over the past two decades.
  • Previous technologies like zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) had limitations in precision, speed, cost, and efficiency.
  • CRISPR-Cas technology offers significant improvements in these areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements and applications of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • To identify and discuss the current challenges and obstacles in implementing CRISPR-Cas technology.
  • To explore the future prospects of CRISPR-Cas systems in various fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-Cas system advancements.
  • Analysis of comparative efficiency against ZFN and TALEN.
  • Identification of implementation challenges: off-target activity, delivery methods, ethical, and regulatory issues.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems demonstrate high precision, speed, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency compared to ZFN and TALEN.
  • Significant potential in synthetic biology, therapeutics, diagnostics, and metabolic engineering.
  • Key challenges remain, including off-target effects, delivery methods, and ethical/regulatory concerns.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems represent a major leap in genome editing technology.
  • Addressing current challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of CRISPR-Cas.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming obstacles and expanding applications.