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Related Concept Videos

Uterine Tubes01:16

Uterine Tubes

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The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...
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The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses
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Uterine serous carcinoma.

Giorgio Bogani1, Isabelle Ray-Coquard2, Nicole Concin3

  • 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Gynecologic Oncology
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serous endometrial cancer, though rare, causes most deaths. Current treatments offer limited survival benefits, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies and clinical trials for this aggressive disease.

Keywords:
Endometrial cancerImmunotherapySerous uterine cancerTargeted therapy

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Microdissection and Dissociation of the Murine Oviduct: Individual Segment Identification and Single Cell Isolation
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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Serous endometrial cancer (SEC) is a rare subtype (10% of cases) but accounts for a disproportionately high percentage of deaths (40%).
  • SEC patients face higher recurrence risks and poorer prognoses than endometrioid subtypes, even at similar stages.
  • Characteristic features include marked nuclear atypia and abnormal p53 staining.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current landscape of serous endometrial cancer.
  • To focus on standard and emerging therapeutic options for SEC.
  • To emphasize the need for clinical trials due to unfavorable outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review conducted by a rare tumor working group.
  • Analysis of existing literature on SEC treatment and outcomes.
  • Inclusion of data from major gynecologic oncology groups (ESGO, GCIG, JGOG).

Main Results:

  • SEC is predominantly classified within the 'copy number high' group by TCGA, associated with cell cycle deregulation and TP53 mutations (90%).
  • Standard treatment involves multi-modal therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) with limited survival improvement.
  • Pembrolizumab and lenvatinib combination shows a 50% response rate in advanced/recurrent SEC, indicating potential for targeted/immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Despite aggressive treatment, SEC outcomes remain poor, necessitating innovative approaches.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel targeted and immunotherapeutic combinations.
  • SEC's p53+ and pMMR profile suggests limited efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy, favoring combination strategies.