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Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: a Brief Review

Vishwajeet Singh1, Mukul Kumar Singh1

  • 1Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003 India.

The Indian Journal of Surgery
|May 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 virus enters cells via the ACE-2 receptor, damaging lungs and potentially kidneys. Early monitoring of kidney function is crucial to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) and reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a global health emergency due to high transmission, morbidity, and mortality.
  • COVID-19 infection involves the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, leading to respiratory system damage and failure.
  • Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, are associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • To highlight the importance of lung-kidney crosstalk in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the need for critical monitoring of kidney function in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COVID-19, ACE-2 receptors, and kidney injury.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in lung-kidney crosstalk.
  • Examination of clinical data regarding COVID-19 patient outcomes and AKI.

Main Results:

  • The ACE-2 receptor, crucial for viral entry, is also present in the kidneys, increasing AKI risk.
  • Lung-kidney crosstalk, driven by inflammatory cytokines, contributes to kidney damage in COVID-19.
  • A significant mortality rate in COVID-19 patients is linked to AKI.

Conclusions:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication of COVID-19, associated with increased mortality.
  • Monitoring kidney function and early clinical intervention are essential to mitigate kidney damage in COVID-19.
  • Understanding the role of ACE-2 receptors and inflammatory pathways is vital for managing COVID-19 complications.

Keywords:
ACE-2 receptorAcute kidney injuryCOVID-19Cytokines

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