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Related Concept Videos

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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

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The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

152
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III01:25

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III

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Regular exercise and meditation serve as essential tools in managing stress and promoting physical and mental well-being.
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Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Stress and the Brain: An Emerging Role for Selenium.

Daniel J Torres1, Naghum Alfulaij1, Marla J Berry1

  • 1Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Stress can harm the brain, but the antioxidant selenium may protect against these effects. This review explores how selenium normalizes neurological function under stress in rodent models.

Keywords:
glucocorticoidsseleniumselenocompoundsselenoproteinsstress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The stress response is vital for survival, but elevated glucocorticoids can impair neurological function.
  • Glucocorticoids negatively affect the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to memory and emotional issues.
  • Selenium, an antioxidant micronutrient, shows potential in mitigating stress-induced neurological damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurological effects of stress, focusing on glucocorticoid action.
  • To examine the emerging evidence for selenium's protective role against stress.
  • To discuss selenium's ability to normalize brain function in rodent models exposed to stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stress, glucocorticoids, and selenium.
  • Focus on studies involving rodent models and stress paradigms.
  • Analysis of research on glucocorticoid mechanisms in the brain.

Main Results:

  • Intense or chronic stress elevates glucocorticoids, causing neurological deficits.
  • Selenium demonstrates a protective effect against stress-induced neurological impairments.
  • Evidence suggests selenium normalizes brain function in stressed rodents.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium may counteract the adverse neurological effects of stress and glucocorticoids.
  • Further research into selenium's therapeutic potential for stress-related disorders is warranted.
  • Selenium's antioxidant properties are key to its neuroprotective role.