Immune Axonal Neuropathies Associated With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Rheumatology
• Immunology

Background:

• Immune axonal neuropathies are immune-mediated conditions associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
• Pathogenesis involves vasculitis of vasa nervorum and other immune mechanisms.
• Clinical presentations are heterogeneous, ranging from mild polyneuropathy to severe mononeuritis multiplex.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of immune axonal neuropathies.
• To discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnostic approaches.
• To offer guidance on therapy for clinicians managing these patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on immune axonal neuropathies.
• Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment protocols.
• Synthesis of information on pathogenesis and patient management.

Main Results:

• Immune axonal neuropathies exhibit varied clinical courses and neurological findings (reduced nerve amplitudes, normal velocities).
• Diagnosis and treatment initiation are frequently delayed, contributing to patient disability.
• Lack of validated diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatment protocols is noted.

Conclusions:

• Further high-quality clinical research is essential for developing standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
• Improved understanding and management strategies are needed for immune axonal neuropathies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.