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Uncommon clinical presentation of a common bug: Group A Streptococcus meningitis

Jimin Lee1, Julie Blackburn2, Anne Pham-Huy2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|May 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Group A Streptococcus meningitis is rare in children but can cause severe complications like hearing loss. Early detection and intervention are crucial for better outcomes in pediatric meningitis cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a frequent cause of pediatric infections.
  • GAS is an uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis in children.
  • Neurological complications and significant morbidity/mortality are associated with GAS meningitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent child.
  • To highlight the association between GAS meningitis and sensorineural hearing loss.
  • To emphasize clinical awareness of GAS as a meningitis pathogen in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 7-year-old boy with Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis.
  • Clinical presentation included symptoms suggestive of frontal sinusitis.
  • Assessment of neurological complications, specifically sensorineural hearing loss.

Main Results:

  • The patient, an immunocompetent 7-year-old boy, developed meningitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • The meningitis was complicated by sensorineural hearing loss.
  • The case underscores the potential for GAS to cause meningitis, even in immunocompetent children.

Conclusions:

  • Group A Streptococcus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric meningitis, particularly when frontal sinusitis symptoms are present.
  • Early identification of GAS meningitis is critical due to its potential for severe neurological sequelae.
  • Screening for sensorineural hearing loss in patients with GAS meningitis is recommended to guide timely interventions, such as cochlear implantation.
Keywords:
BacterialHearing lossMeningitisSensorineuralStreptococcus pyogenes

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