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Pasteurella Multocida Bacteremia and Septic Arthritis in a Patient With Non-Bite Animal Exposure

Lex P Leonhardt1, Aamir Pervez1, Wesley Tang1

  • 1Internal Medicine Residency, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, USA.

Cureus
|May 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pasteurella multocida, a common animal bacterium, can cause severe illness like septic shock and arthritis in humans, even without direct animal contact. This case highlights potential respiratory transmission, expanding our understanding of its infectious potential.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a Gram-negative bacterium residing in the oropharynx of domestic animals.
  • It is an opportunistic pathogen, typically causing localized infections through animal bites or scratches.
  • Severe P. multocida infections are rare and usually linked to compromised immunity or pre-existing lung conditions.

Observation:

  • This report details a P. multocida infection in a patient with no history of animal trauma.
  • The infection likely resulted from respiratory droplet transmission.
  • The patient developed bacteremia, septic shock, and septic arthritis in the left knee.

Findings:

  • P. multocida can cause severe systemic infections beyond typical wound infections.
  • Respiratory transmission is a plausible route for P. multocida dissemination.
  • Septic arthritis can be a complication of P. multocida bacteremia.

Implications:

  • This case broadens the recognized transmission routes of P. multocida in humans.
  • It underscores the importance of considering P. multocida in severe infections, even without a clear history of animal contact.
  • Clinicians should be aware of the potential for respiratory spread and severe outcomes like septic shock and arthritis.
Keywords:
bacteremiachronic woundsdiabetic foot ulcersdiabetic foot ulcers managementpasteurella multocidaseptic arthritisseptic shock

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