Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

357
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
357
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

124
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
124
Surveys02:16

Surveys

16.2K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
16.2K
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

342
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
342
Two-Way ANOVA01:17

Two-Way ANOVA

2.9K
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
2.9K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

8.5K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A time-varying interaction map approach for longitudinal assessments.

Psychological methods·2026
Same author

BDDN: bayesian dynamic differential network analysis in cancer proteomics.

BMC bioinformatics·2026
Same author

A Latent Space Graded Response Model for Likert-Scale Psychological Assessments.

Multivariate behavioral research·2025
Same author

Mapping the mHealth Nexus: A Semantic Analysis of mHealth Scholars' Research Propensities Following an Interdisciplinary Training Institute.

Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Network Approaches to Binary Assessment Data: Network Psychometrics Versus Latent Space Item Response Models.

Educational and psychological measurement·2025
Same author

Analysis of Log Data From an International Online Educational Assessment System: A Multi-State Survival Modeling Approach to Reaction Time Between and Across Action Sequence.

Psychometrika·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K

Mapping Unobserved Item-Respondent Interactions: A Latent Space Item Response Model with Interaction Map.

Minjeong Jeon1, Ick Hoon Jin2, Michael Schweinberger3

  • 1UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. mjjeon@ucla.edu.

Psychometrika
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new latent space model to address violations in classic item response models. The model visualizes respondent-item interactions, aiding in identifying students needing extra support.

Keywords:
bipartite networkinteraction mapinteractionsitem response datalatent space modelnetwork model

More Related Videos

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.1K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K
Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.1K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Classic item response models assume uniform response probabilities for items of similar difficulty and respondent ability.
  • These assumptions are often violated in practice due to unobserved heterogeneity (e.g., student background, support systems).
  • Assessing these violations is challenging as respondent abilities and item difficulties are not directly observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel latent space model that accounts for violations of classic item response theory assumptions.
  • To provide a framework for visualizing respondent-item interactions and generating diagnostic information.
  • To enable the identification of underrepresented student groups requiring additional support.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a latent space model where respondents and items are embedded in an unobserved metric space.
  • Response probability is modeled as a decreasing function of the distance between respondent and item positions.
  • Utilized an interaction map to represent and analyze respondent-item relationships.

Main Results:

  • The latent space approach generates an interaction map visualizing respondent-item dynamics.
  • This map provides diagnostic insights into both items and respondents.
  • Empirical evidence and simulation results demonstrate the model's utility.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed latent space model effectively addresses violations of traditional item response theory assumptions.
  • Interaction maps offer valuable tools for educational assessment and identifying students needing targeted interventions.
  • The model enhances diagnostic capabilities for both students and assessment items.