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Rectal Cancer Risk and Survival After Total Colectomy for IBD: A Population-Based Study
Anders Mark-Christensen1, Rune Erichsen, Katalin Veres
11 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark 2 Department of Surgery, Section of Coloproctology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark 3 Department of Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.
Background:
Patients undergoing total colectomy for IBD may develop cancer in the rectal remnant, but the association is poorly understood.
Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the risk and prognosis of rectal cancer after total colectomy for IBD.
Design:
This is a nationwide population-based study.
Setting:
Treatment of the patients took place in Denmark from 1977 to 2013.
Patients:
Patients with IBD undergoing total colectomy were included.
Main Outcome Measures:
We examined the incidence of rectal cancer among patients with IBD and total colectomy and compared cancer stage to that of other patients with rectal cancer in Denmark. We used Kaplan-Meier methodology to estimate survival and Cox regression to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratios following a rectal cancer diagnosis, comparing patients with and without IBD and a rectal remnant.
Results:
We identified 4703 patients with IBD (1026 Crohn's disease; 3677 ulcerative colitis) who underwent total colectomy with a rectal remnant. During 29,725 years of follow-up, 30 rectal cancers were observed, compared with 8 rectal cancers expected (standardized incidence ratio = 3.6 (95% CI, 2.4-5.1)). Cancer stage distributions were similar. Risk of rectal cancer 35 years after total colectomy was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.9%). Five years after rectal cancer diagnosis, survival was 28% (95% CI, 12%-47%) and 38% (95% CI, 37%-38%) for patients with and without IBD and a rectal remnant. The adjusted mortality rate ratio 1 to 5 years after a rectal cancer diagnosis was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.6-3.9). Median time from last recorded nondiagnostic proctoscopy to rectal cancer diagnosis for patients with IBD and total colectomy was 1.1 years.
Limitations:
This study was limited by the few outcomes and the use of administrative and not clinical data.
Conclusion:
Long-term risk of rectal cancer following total colectomy for IBD was low. Survival following a diagnosis of rectal cancer was poorer for patients with IBD and total colectomy than for patients who had rectal cancer without IBD and total colectomy. Endoscopic surveillance, as it appeared to be practiced in this cohort, may be inadequate. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B497. RIESGO DE CÁNCER DE RECTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DESPUÉS DE UNA COLECTOMÍA TOTAL POR ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL: UN ESTUDIO POBLACIONAL: Los pacientes sometidos a colectomía total por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) pueden desarrollar cáncer en el remanente rectal, pero la asociación es poco conocida.Examinar el riesgo y el pronóstico del cáncer de recto después de una colectomía total para la EII.Estudio poblacional a nivel nacional.Dinamarca 1977-2013.Pacientes con EII sometidos a colectomía total.Examinamos la incidencia de cáncer de recto entre pacientes con EII y colectomía total y comparamos el estadio del cáncer con el de otros pacientes con cáncer de recto en Dinamarca. Utilizamos la metodología de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la supervivencia y la regresión de Cox para estimar las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas (aMRR) después de un diagnóstico de cáncer de recto, comparando pacientes con y sin EII y un remanente rectal.Identificamos 4.703 pacientes con EII (1.026 enfermedad de Crohn; 3.677 colitis ulcerosa) que se sometieron a colectomía total con remanente rectal. Durante 29,725 años de seguimiento, se observaron 30 cánceres de recto, en comparación con los 8 esperados [razón de incidencia estandarizada (SIR) = 3.6, (intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 2.4-5.1)]. Las distribuciones de las etapas del cáncer fueron similares. El riesgo de cáncer de recto 35 años después de la colectomía total fue del 1,9% (IC del 95%: 1,1% -2,9%). Cinco años después del diagnóstico de cáncer de recto, la supervivencia fue del 28% (IC del 95%: 12% -47%) y del 38% (IC del 95%: 37% -38%) para los pacientes con y sin EII y un remanente rectal, respectivamente. La aMRR 1-5 años después de un diagnóstico de cáncer de recto fue de 2,5 (IC del 95%: 1,6-3,9). La mediana de tiempo desde la última proctoscopia no diagnóstica registrada hasta el diagnóstico de cáncer de recto en pacientes con EII y colectomía total fue de 1,1 años.Pocos resultados, uso de datos administrativos y no clínicos.El riesgo a largo plazo de cáncer de recto después de una colectomía total para la EII fue bajo. La supervivencia después de un diagnóstico de cáncer de recto fue más pobre para los pacientes con EII y colectomía total que para los pacientes con cáncer de recto sin EII y colectomía total. La vigilancia endoscópica, como parecía practicarse en esta cohorte, puede ser inadecuada. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B497. (Traducción-Dr. Adrian Ortega).
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