Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

613
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
613
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

550
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
550
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

2.9K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
2.9K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.1K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.1K
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.3K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.3K
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

978
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
978

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Artificial Intelligence: Reframing Critical Appraisal in Emergency Medicine.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·2026
Same author

Critically appraised paper: Cyclical electrical stimulation improves muscle strength and activity after stroke [commentary].

Journal of physiotherapy·2026
Same author

Playground safety: working towards consistency to rate playgrounds.

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·2026
Same author

Comment on: We need a standardized North American acetylcysteine dosing regimen for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Increase in Poison Center Reports Linked to Kratom-Containing Kava Products - National Poison Data System, United States, 2000-2025.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2026
Same author

Increases in Kratom-Related Reports to Poison Centers - National Poison Data System, United States, 2015-2025.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
10:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs

Published on: November 8, 2024

2.6K

Opioid Exposures Reported to U.S. Poison Centers.

Saumitra V Rege1, Moira Smith1, Heather A Borek1

  • 1Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Substance Use & Misuse
|May 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Opioid exposures reported to U.S. poison centers decreased from 2011-2018, but serious adverse events and intentional exposures increased, highlighting the ongoing opioid crisis.

Keywords:
NPDSOpioidsadverse eventsrisk-markerssurveillance

More Related Videos

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.9K
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
10:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs

Published on: November 8, 2024

2.6K
Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.9K
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Opioid-related deaths are a significant public health concern in the U.S.
  • Poison centers (PCs) play a crucial role in monitoring public health emergencies.
  • Understanding national trends in opioid exposures is vital for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine national trends in opioid exposures reported to U.S. poison centers (PCs) between 2011 and 2018.
  • To analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of opioid exposures.
  • To identify predictors of serious adverse events (SAEs) in opioid exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) were queried for opioid exposures from 2011–2018.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to assess demographic and clinical characteristics.
  • Poisson regression analyzed trends in opioid frequencies and rates; predictors of SAEs were identified.

Main Results:

  • A total of 604,183 opioid exposure calls were recorded.
  • Opioid exposure frequency and rates decreased by 28.9% and 21.2%, respectively.
  • Serious adverse events increased, with intentional exposures and multi-substance exposures being significant predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a decrease in overall opioid exposures, the proportion of serious adverse events rose.
  • Intentional exposures were common, particularly in older age groups.
  • Poison centers are essential for real-time surveillance of opioid overdoses.