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The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
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Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus.

John R Economides1, Daniel L Adams1, Jonathan C Horton2

  • 1Program in Neuroscience, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strabismus in children prevents double vision by suppressing one eye's image. This study found that primary visual cortex (V1) neurons in monkeys with strabismus do not show this suppression, suggesting higher brain areas mediate the effect.

Keywords:
anomalous retinal correspondencediplopiaexotropiastereopsissuppression scotomavisual suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Strabismus, or eye misalignment, acquired in childhood prevents diplopia (double vision).
  • The mechanism of suppressing duplicate visual information to avoid double vision in strabismus is not fully understood.
  • This suppression, while preventing diplopia, can impede visual feedback necessary for correcting eye alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of strabismic suppression in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • To determine if V1 neurons exhibit suppression of visual input from the deviating eye in a model of strabismus.
  • To explore how the brain avoids perceiving double images in individuals with strabismus.

Main Methods:

  • Two male monkeys were raised with surgically induced alternating exotropia from four weeks of age.
  • Electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mature, awake monkeys.
  • Neuronal responses were analyzed under various monocular and binocular viewing conditions, including fixation switches and presentation of drifting gratings.

Main Results:

  • Ocular dominance histograms revealed a monocular bias in V1 neurons compared to normal animals, yet many cells remained binocularly responsive.
  • Neuronal responses were generally unaffected by changes in ocular fixation.
  • No net interocular suppression or facilitation was observed at the population level in V1, even in areas with reduced cytochrome oxidase activity associated with suppressed visual fields.

Conclusions:

  • Primary visual cortex (V1) neurons in this strabismus model do not appear to mediate the suppression of visual input that prevents diplopia.
  • The findings suggest that the elimination of double vision in strabismus is likely regulated at a higher cortical level than V1.
  • This study provides the first electrophysiological evidence from V1 in awake, strabismic primates regarding the neural correlates of strabismic suppression.