Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

7.8K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
7.8K
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

9.1K
The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
9.1K
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

4.1K
Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
4.1K
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

2.2K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Color Crosstalk Correction in Linear Stokes Imaging Using a Color Polarization Camera with Simultaneous Three Wavelengths Illumination.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Macroscopic polarimetric discrimination and quantification of antiangiogenic effect of AGRO aptamer and GK1 peptide in a preclinical melanoma model.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Disulfide-mediated dimerization stabilizes pyruvate kinase of Cryptosporidium parvum: Insights into unique structural assembly and functional implications.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics·2026
Same author

Topographic patterns of intraventricular hemorrhage extension and their prognostic significance in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Interpretation of measured 3×3 partial depolarizing Mueller matrices.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Engineering Chiroptical Interactions through Integrating Plasmonic Arrays with Cholesteric Nanocellulose.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Turbulent flow in a vortex separator with a directed pipe inlet.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Systematic characteristic evaluation of clay-based cementitious material derived from calcium carbide residue and waste tile powder.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: Improvement of a rapid diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza H7 subtype virus using Europium nanoparticles.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Applying large language models to spam detection in the Kazakh low-resource language setting.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An open-source 3D printing system enabling in-situ freeze-thaw processing of hydrogels.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An enhanced EfficientNet framework for automated waste classification using cosine annealing and label smoothing.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

13.0K

Customized depolarization spatial patterns with dynamic retardance functions.

David Marco1, Guadalupe López-Morales1, María Del Mar Sánchez-López2,3

  • 1Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain.

Scientific Reports
|May 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created dynamic, customized spatial patterns of light depolarization using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. This novel method allows for precise control over light scattering effects, opening new possibilities in optical imaging and material science.

More Related Videos

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points
09:30

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.9K
Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

13.0K
Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points
09:30

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

15.9K
Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Depolarization is a crucial optical phenomenon affecting image quality and information retrieval.
  • Controlling depolarization spatially and dynamically remains a significant challenge in optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel method for generating customized spatial patterns of light depolarization.
  • To provide a proof-of-concept using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) for dynamic control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a time-dependent phase pattern addressed by an LC-SLM to emulate a spatially variant depolarizing sample.
  • Employed an imaging Mueller polarimetric system with a polarization camera for verification.
  • Performed temporal integration on the detection system for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated customized and dynamic depolarization spatial patterns.
  • Validated the effective depolarization effect using Mueller polarimetry.
  • Developed a simple graphical approach to describe depolarizance, consistent with Mueller matrix decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers precise control over spatial depolarization patterns.
  • Potential applications include advanced optical imaging and the creation of novel optical elements.
  • Exotic depolarization patterns, such as spiral structures, can be generated.