Extensive subcutaneous fat necrosis complicated by neonatal hypercalcaemia.

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Pediatric Dermatology
• Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

• Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is an inflammatory condition in newborns linked to perinatal stress.
• It typically presents with benign, self-resolving lesions within months.
• Complications, notably neonatal hypercalcemia, can arise and pose life-threatening risks.

Observation:

• This case report details a 10-month-old female infant with moderate neonatal hypercalcemia.
• The hypercalcemia was a complication of extensive subcutaneous fat necrosis, appearing at 10 days of age.
• Symptoms ranged from nonspecific irritability to polyuria and dehydration, persisting for up to 9 months.

Findings:

• Neonatal hypercalcemia associated with SCFN can manifest with diverse and severe symptoms.
• Effective management involves hyperrehydration, diuretics, dietary modifications, steroids, and potentially bisphosphonates.
• Prolonged clinical courses require vigilant monitoring and tailored therapeutic strategies.

Implications:

• Highlights the critical need for early recognition and management of neonatal hypercalcemia in SCFN cases.
• Emphasizes the variability in presentation and the importance of a comprehensive treatment approach.
• Underscores the potential for prolonged complications requiring extended medical intervention in infants.