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Bidirectional associations between screen time and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

Ross D Neville1, Brae Anne McArthur2,3, Rachel Eirich2,3

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Screen time and child behavior have a complex relationship. While early behavioral issues may lead to increased screen use, excessive screen time in preschoolers is linked to internalizing behaviors, which later decrease with more screen time.

Keywords:
Child developmentexternalising disorderinternalising disorderlongitudinal studies

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Media Psychology

Background:

  • Excessive screen time is often linked to behavioral problems in children.
  • Alternatively, children with behavioral dysregulation may receive more screen access for management.
  • The directionality of this relationship requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine temporally stable and longitudinal associations between screen time and behaviors.
  • To address the directionality of screen time and behavioral dysregulation.
  • To investigate externalizing and internalizing behaviors across childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 10,172 Irish children (ages 3-9).
  • Data collected via caregiver report on screen time and behaviors (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire).
  • Random-intercepts cross-lagged panel models used to assess bidirectional associations.

Main Results:

  • Externalizing and internalizing behaviors stabilized in later childhood.
  • Early externalizing/internalizing behaviors (age 3) predicted increased screen time (age 5).
  • Screen time (ages 3, 5) predicted increased internalizing behaviors (ages 5, 7), but not externalizing behaviors.
  • Screen time (age 7) predicted fewer internalizing behaviors (age 9).

Conclusions:

  • Bidirectional associations between screen time and internalizing behaviors were found in preschoolers.
  • Directional associations between screen time and internalizing difficulties persist throughout childhood.
  • Findings inform age-specific screen use guidelines and family media planning.