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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
Published on: March 30, 2012
Multiomics Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Apple Fruit Quality Decline under High Nitrogen Conditions
Fen Wang1, Shunfeng Ge1, Xinxiang Xu1
1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Abstract:
Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is common in Chinese apple production. High N reduced the contents of soluble sugar and total flavonoids by 16.05 and 19.01%, respectively, resulting in poor fruit quality. Moreover, high N increased the total N and decreased the total C and C/N ratio of apple fruits. On the basis of the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, the global network was revealed. High N inhibited the accumulation of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and trehalose) and flavonoids (rhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, and trihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-galactoside) in fruits, and more C skeletons were used to synthesize amino acids and their derivatives (especially low C/N ratio, e.g., arginine) to be transferred to N metabolism. This study revealed new insights into the decline in soluble sugar and flavonoids caused by high N, and hub genes (MD07G1172700, MD05G1222800, MD16G1227200, MD01G1174400, and MD02G1207200) and hub proteins (PFK, gapN, and HK) were obtained.
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