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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Creative repetition.

¹Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research (IPTAR) New York, USA.

The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis

|May 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Repetition can be a compulsive force or a source of pleasure and growth. This paper explores how creative repetition, moving from conservative patterns to playful interaction, can lead to personal progress and new developments.

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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

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Published on: October 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Sigmund Freud identified two facets of repetition: a compulsive, conservative force (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) and a pleasurable one (e.g., games, stories).
The latter form of repetition, associated with mastery and individual growth, is explored in this paper.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the concept of pleasurable repetition using a process-oriented approach.
To investigate alternative resolutions to repetition beyond symbolic thought.
To examine how repetition can be a vehicle for personal progress and the creation of new forms.

Main Methods:

A process-oriented approach was utilized.
A clinical case study is presented, detailing unconscious intersubjective negotiation.
The shift from repetition as a difficulty to repetition as a vehicle for transcendence is analyzed.

Main Results:

Early conservative repetition evolved into creative repetition within the clinical case.
The patient transitioned from using the analyst as an object of repetition to an object of play.
This shift facilitated progress and the emergence of new forms.

Conclusions:

Repetition, particularly creative repetition, can be a pathway to personal growth and development.
The therapeutic process can transform conservative repetition into a dynamic force for change.
Repetition itself can be the means by which it is transcended, leading to novel outcomes.