Caregiver Presence and Involvement in a Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Cohort Study

Area of Science:

• Neonatal care
• Family-centered care
• Pediatric health outcomes

Background:

• Caregiver presence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is crucial for early bonding and involvement.
• Limited data exists on caregiver presence and involvement in Canadian NICUs, varying by caregiver type (mother, father, other).
• Understanding the association between maternal presence and maternal/newborn characteristics is important.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine family caregiver presence and involvement in the NICU.
• To investigate the relationship between maternal presence and maternal/newborn characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Prospective observational cohort study in an Eastern Canadian NICU.
• Daily tracking of caregiver presence (at bedside) and involvement (e.g., skin-to-skin, singing) until discharge.
• Collection of demographic information.

Main Results:

• 142 mothers and newborns participated.
• Average daily presence: Mothers (8.7h), Fathers (4.1h), Other caregivers (1.8h) in the first 34 days.
• Involvement during presence: Mothers (50%), Fathers (20%), Other caregivers (6%). Maternal presence linked to maternal age, distance, parity, birthweight, and length of stay.

Conclusions:

• Significant variation exists in caregiver presence and involvement by caregiver type in the NICU.
• Targeted interventions are recommended to enhance presence and involvement for all caregivers.
• Promoting family engagement in neonatal care is essential.