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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
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Cancer Stem Cells and Neovascularization.

Fengkai Li1,2,3, Jiahui Xu1,2,3, Suling Liu1,2,3

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Cells
|May 5, 2021
PubMed
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor growth and spread by promoting new blood vessel formation. Targeting CSC-driven neovascularization may improve cancer treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Angiogenesis Research

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial for tumor initiation, metastasis, and treatment resistance.
  • CSCs contribute to tumor neovascularization, a process linked to treatment failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of CSCs in promoting tumor angiogenesis.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms governing CSC-mediated neovascularization.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CSC-driven angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CSCs and tumor angiogenesis.
  • Analysis of CSC differentiation and vasculogenic mimicry roles.
  • Examination of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • CSCs promote angiogenesis through trans-differentiation and vasculogenic mimicry.
  • CSCs facilitate endothelial cell-driven angiogenesis, supporting tumor progression.
  • Both intrinsic CSC signals and extrinsic tumor microenvironment factors regulate these processes.

Conclusions:

  • CSCs play a significant role in tumor neovascularization, impacting cancer progression and treatment.
  • Understanding CSC-mediated angiogenesis mechanisms is key for developing novel therapies.
  • Targeting CSC-driven neovascularization offers a promising strategy for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.